Stairs look like a small job and are not. Each step sits on top of the one below, so the volume grows faster than people expect — a four-step flight holds more concrete than a slab of the same footprint. Enter the rise, run, width and step count below.
How the volume is worked out
Stairs poured against the ground are a stack of boxes. Step one is a single rise tall, step two is two rises tall, and so on to the top. The calculator adds every step:
Volume = Σ (Run × Rise × n × Width) for each step n, plus the platform if you have one.
Worked example. Four steps, 175 mm rise, 275 mm run, 1 m wide: 0.275 × 1 × 0.175 × (1+2+3+4) = 0.48 m³. That is about 1.2 tonnes of concrete for a flight most people would describe as “just a few steps”.
Step dimensions that feel right
| Dimension | UK typical | US typical |
|---|---|---|
| Rise (height per step) | 150–190 mm | 6–7.75 in |
| Run / going (depth) | 250–300 mm | 10–11 in |
| Width (garden steps) | 900 mm+ | 36 in+ |
| Sanity check | 2 × rise + run ≈ 550–700 mm (21–27 in) | |
Every rise in a flight must be identical. A single step 15 mm out of line is the one people trip on, and it fails building regulations besides. Set your formwork off a level datum, not off the ground.
Saving concrete on a big flight
Solid stairs can be part-filled with compacted hardcore in the core, provided you keep at least 100 to 150 mm of concrete on every exposed face. On a wide flight that can cut the pour by a third. Engineered or cantilevered stairs are a different matter entirely — pour those to the design and do not improvise.
Whatever you fill the core with, pour the concrete in one go. A joint between steps shows up as a crack line within a couple of winters.
Frequently asked questions
How much concrete for 3 steps?
Three steps at a 7 in rise, 11 in run and 36 in wide come to roughly 0.4 yd³ (0.3 m³) poured solid — around 18 bags of 80 lb premix.
Can I fill the middle of concrete steps?
Yes, on ground-bearing steps. Compacted hardcore in the core with 100 to 150 mm of concrete cover on every face works fine and saves a lot of material.
Do concrete steps need reinforcement?
Small garden steps on solid ground usually do not. Wider flights, freeze-thaw climates and anything cantilevered need mesh or bars. Always pour the whole flight in one session.
What mix for outdoor steps?
C25, air-entrained where frost and de-icing salt are a factor. Keep the mix on the stiff side — a low slump holds the step nosing shape instead of slumping out of the form.
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